Distribusi - Journal of Management and Business

FINANCIAL LITERACY AS FOUNDATION OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION: FEB VERSUS NON-FEB STUDENTS IN EAST JAVA

Umar Sumardi — 2026-09-30

This study aims to examine whether there is a significant difference in the level of financial literacy between students of the Faculty of Economics and Business (FEB) and non-FEB students in East Java. A quantitative comparative approach with an ex post facto design was employed. Data were collected through an online questionnaire from undergraduate students across six regions in East Java, selected using purposive sampling. Financial literacy was measured through four indicators—general financial knowledge, saving and borrowing, insurance and risk management, and investment—using a five-point Likert scale. Because the data were not normally distributed, hypothesis testing used the Mann-Whitney U test, complemented by an effect size measure. The results show that although FEB students obtained a slightly higher average rank than non-FEB students, the difference was not statistically significant and the effect size was small. These findings indicate that faculty affiliation is not a decisive determinant of students' financial literacy, and that literacy is shaped by channels beyond the formal curriculum, such as non-formal financial education, family environment, and access to technology. Accordingly, efforts to strengthen financial literacy as a foundation for financial inclusion in East Java should be designed across disciplines and not limited to economics students.

THE INFLUENCE OF WORK MOTIVATION, WORK ENVIRONMENT, AND WORK DISCIPLINE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AT MULTIMART PRINGSEWU

Hepiana Patmarina — 2026-09-30

Organizational objectives can be supported through strong employee performance, which is influenced by work motivation, workplace conditions, and discipline. Accordingly, this study analyzes the relationship between these three factors and employee performance at Toko Multimart Pringsewu. A quantitative research approach was applied using a saturated sampling technique, in which all 30 employees participated as respondents. Multiple regression analysis showed that work motivation, work environment, and work discipline were significantly related to employee performance. Work motivation had a coefficient of 0.202 (t = 1.856, p < 0.05), while the work environment showed a coefficient of 0.546 (t = 2.890, p < 0.01). Work discipline also had a positive and significant relationship, with a coefficient of 0.397 (t = 2.558, p < 0.05). The simultaneous test confirmed that the regression model was significant, with F(3,26) = 14.360 and p = 0.001. The model produced R = 0.579 and R² = 0.335, indicating that work motivation, work environment, and work discipline jointly explained 33.5% of the variation in employee performance, while the remaining 66.5% was attributable to other factors outside the model. For retail management practice: first, store leaders should prioritize regular workspace maintenance and layout improvement, as the work environment showed the strongest predictive relationship; second, structured incentive schemes tied to clear performance milestones will strengthen motivation and consistent discipline. However, this study is restricted to 30 employees at Toko Multimart Pringsewu, so the findings should be interpreted within this specific local retail context and cannot be directly generalized to larger stores, other regions, or the wider retail sector.

OPTIMIZING HUMAN RESOURCE CAPACITY FOR EFFECTIVE MBG PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION IN SPPG

Rayssa Alya Zahirah — 2026-09-30

INDIGENOUS ENTREPRENEURIAL LEADERSHIP VALUES OF BUGIS-MAKASSAR CULTURE, INDONESIA

Andi Muhammad Rivai — 2026-09-30

This study aims to identify and conceptualize local leadership values within Bugis–Makassar culture as a foundation for entrepreneurial leadership. It addresses the limitations of prevailing entrepreneurial leadership perspectives that emphasize universal competencies, while the role of cultural value systems in providing moral direction, social legitimacy, and meaning to leadership behaviour remains underexplored. A qualitative interpretive approach was employed to understand leadership behaviours representing Bugis–Makassar leadership. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with four purposively selected informants, comprising a historian, an academic, and two community leaders, using the ngayo approach and snowball. Historical documents supported the analysis, which employed an interactive model. The analysis generated 34 meaning units categorized into eight patterns of leadership behaviour. These were conceptualized as Bugis–Makassar leadership values: Getteng (principled steadfastness), Siri’ (honour), Warani (courage), Sipakatau (collective leadership), Lempu’ (moral integrity), Macca/Ammaccang (strategic competence), Reso’ (fighting ethos), and Assitinajang (role appropriateness). Collectively, these values constitute a normative foundation guiding decision-making, social relationships, responses to uncertainty, commitment, and value creation in entrepreneurial activities. This study extends entrepreneurial leadership research by positioning local cultural values as a foundation for shaping leadership behaviour rather than merely as contextual factors. It offers a value-based entrepreneurial leadership perspective in which entrepreneurial competencies acquire moral direction, social legitimacy, and meaning through cultural value systems embedded in society. Thus, the study provides a culturally grounded conceptual foundation for understanding entrepreneurial leadership in the Bugis–Makassar context and a basis for future empirical research on its application in contemporary entrepreneurship.

DRIVERS OF POINT COFFEE LOYALTY IN MALANG: THE ROLE OF QUALITY, PRICE, AND SATISFACTION

Angga Firmansyah Putra — 2026-09-30

This study examines the effects of service quality and price on customer loyalty, focusing on the mediating role of customer satisfaction among Point Coffee consumers in Malang. Using a cross-sectional design, primary data were collected in May 2026 from 150 respondents selected via multistage sampling and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The empirical results indicate that service quality and price exert direct, positive, and significant effects on both customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Furthermore, customer satisfaction significantly mediates the relationship between service quality and customer loyalty, but fails to mediate the link between price and customer loyalty. These findings suggest that in a high-convenience, grab-and-go retail framework, price competitiveness directly drives repeat purchases independently of prior affective evaluations. Future research should integrate digital technology variables, test alternative mediators like brand trust, and adopt longitudinal designs to capture dynamic loyalty shifts.

LEADERSHIP AND WORK ENGAGEMENT IN PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Muh Faroqi Ilham Maulani — 2026-09-30

This study systematically reviews empirical literature on the role of leadership in strengthening work engagement among employees in public organizations. Its originality lies in positioning leadership not only as an antecedent of engagement, but also as a multidimensional job, social, and moral resource in bureaucratic and service-oriented public institutions. Using a PRISMA-based systematic literature review, articles were searched in OpenAlex, SAGE Journals, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Emerald for the 2020-2026 period. From 316 identified records, 21 empirical studies met the inclusion criteria and were synthesized thematically. The review shows that transformational leadership is the most frequently examined form, followed by transactional, authentic, ethical, servant, participative, interpersonal, health-oriented, mindful, character-based leadership, and leader-member exchange. Leadership strengthens engagement through psychological capital, psychological contract fulfilment, meaning of work, job satisfaction, organizational justice, public service motivation, leader-member exchange, work environment, and well-being. The findings imply that public organizations should develop leaders who are able to translate bureaucratic targets into meaningful work, provide fair feedback, support employee participation, and protect employee well-being. Future studies need more longitudinal, qualitative, and mixed-method designs to explain causal mechanisms in different public-sector contexts.

EMOTIONAL BOND, GREENWASHING TRAP: AN EXTENDED TPB MODEL OF GREEN PURCHASE INTENTION

Nuschatul 'Izzah — 2026-09-30

The growing consumer awareness of environmental issues has transformed purchasing behavior, particularly in the adoption of green products. This study examines the influence of green emotional attachment on green purchase intention by integrating attitude as a mediator and greenwashing perception as a moderator within the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework among Indonesian consumers. A quantitative approach using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS 3.0 was applied. The sample consisted of 221 valid respondents. Data were collected through an online survey using a five-point Likert scale. The results show that green emotional attachment, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control each have a significant positive effect on green purchase intention. Furthermore, attitude significantly mediates the relationship between green emotional attachment and green purchase intention. Most notably, greenwashing perception negatively moderates the relationship between attitude and green purchase intention, indicating that favorable attitudes become less effective when consumers perceive corporate environmental claims as misleading. The study reaffirms TPB's relevance and highlights greenwashing as a critical boundary condition. Practically, companies should avoid greenwashing, build genuine emotional attachment through authentic storytelling and transparent communication, and obtain third-party certifications to encourage sustainable consumption in Indonesia.

FACTORS INFLUENCING INFORMAL RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION PRACTICES IN NON-STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN HAKHA

Rebecca Van Sui Nei Iang — 2026-09-30

Informal recruitment and selection practices remain common in organizations that operate in resource-constrained environments, particularly where formal human resource management systems are limited. Despite extensive research on recruitment practices, limited studies have examined how trust, referrals, convenience, and availability of candidates jointly influence informal recruitment and selection decisions in non-state educational institutions. This study investigates the influence of these factors on informal recruitment and selection practices in non-state educational institutions in Hakha, Myanmar. This study is among the first to examine trust, referrals, convenience, and availability of candidates simultaneously within non-state educational institutions in Hakha. Guided by Social Network Theory, the study adopts a quantitative research approach and collects data from 63 respondents who possess knowledge of recruitment and selection practices within their institutions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis. The findings reveal that referrals, convenience, and availability of candidates significantly influence informal recruitment and selection practices, with referrals emerging as the strongest predictor, while trust does not demonstrate a significant independent effect in the regression model. The findings suggest that educational institutions rely heavily on social networks and practical recruitment considerations when making hiring decisions. The study contributes to the literature by examining relational and practical recruitment factors within a single analytical framework and provides empirical evidence from a context that has received limited scholarly attention. The findings also offer practical insights for educational institutions seeking to balance recruitment efficiency with fairness and transparency.